Iforeli elinsundu: le nhlanzi isibona kanjani isiyengo sakho
Iforeli elinsundu: yimuphi umbala wesiyengo le nhlanzi ekwazi ngempela ukuwubona, ekujuleni kwakho nasemanzini akho. Izinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-4, isiqongo ku-600 nm. Umehluko ohleliwe wemibala engu-54.
Salmo trutta
Kukaliwe kulolu hlobo I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa
Iziqongo zamakhoni ziwukukala okuqondile kwalolu hlobo. Okunye konke kule modeli — i-optics yamanzi, umehluko, ibanga lokubona — kusengukulinganisela, futhi akukho kukho okubikezela ukuthi inhlanzi izohlasela yini. Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV: cishe ingxenye engu-99% yokuzwela kwalelo khoni ingaphansi kuka-400 nm, lapho isikrini sefoni singenakukukhombisa lutho khona. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. I-retina yalo isebenzisa i-chromophore ye-A2 (i-porphyropsin), edlulisela ukuzwela kwamagagasi amade kudlulele kobomvu kunalokho i-retina ye-A1 ebiyokunika khona. Izinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi amtoti ziyaguqula isilinganiso se-A1/A2 ngenkathi yonyaka nangokushisa, ngakho ukuzwela kwangempela kuyantweza unyaka wonke.
Ukuzwela kwe-spectrum
| Iziqongo zamakhoni | λmax | I-chromophore |
|---|---|---|
| I-UV | 355 nm | A1 |
| Obufushane | 440 nm | A1 |
| Obuphakathi | 531 nm | A1 |
| Obude | 600 nm | A2 |
| Irodi | 510 nm | A1 |
Amarodi yiwo asebenzayo entathakusa, kuhwalala nasebusuku — okuyisikhathi abantu abaningi abadoba ngaso.
Ingxenye engu-99% yokuzwela kwekhoni ye-UV yalolu hlobo ingaphansi kuka-400 nm, ngaphandle kwakho konke isikrini esingakukhombisa.
Ithebula leziyengo
Iforeli elinsundu: kuhlelwe ngokuthi umbala ngamunye uvela kangakanani kule nhlanzi kulezi zimo. — Acwebe bha, 3 m.
| Umbala | Umehluko | Ibanga lokubona | Ukubona kwenhlanzi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omhlophe | 98 | 9.3 m | Thenga manje | |
| 2 | Sexy shad | 95 | 9.2 m | Thenga manje | |
| 3 | Isiliva ye-holographic Umbala wensimbi | 95 | 9.1 m | Thenga manje | |
| 4 | Glow Umbala okhanyayo — awulingiswanga | 95 | 8.9 m | Thenga manje | |
| 5 | Chartreuse / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 94 | 9.3 m | Thenga manje | |
| 6 | Bone | 94 | 9.0 m | Thenga manje | |
| 7 | I-chrome Umbala wensimbi | 93 | 9.0 m | Thenga manje | |
| 8 | Opinki / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 92 | 9.3 m | Thenga manje | |
| 9 | Osasibhakabhaka / omhlophe | 91 | 9.3 m | Thenga manje | |
| 10 | Clown | 90 | 9.3 m | Thenga manje | |
| Uvela kancane kunayo yonke | |||||
| Olive | 50 | 5.1 m | |||
| Onsundu | 46 | 4.9 m | |||
| Junebug | 37 | 5.1 m | |||
| Omnyama | 24 | 3.5 m | |||
Umehluko ubalwe ebangeni lokubuka elingu-1.0 m. · Ukukhanya okusinda kangcono kunakho konke lapha: 570 nm
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa — Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV, kanti isikrini sefoni asikwazi ukukhipha i-ultraviolet. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. Qaphela futhi ukuthi i-UV imunceka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi inyamalala kungakahambi namasentimitha emanzini anetanini.
Thola le mibala
Emithathu ephume phambili, iseshwa ku-Amazon yakho. Ukuhleleka okungenhla kubalwa ngamanzi nangenhlanzi, ngaphambi kokuba lezi zixhumanisi zibe khona.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
Impahla eshiwo yileli khasi
- Ikhithi yeziyengo enemibala eyahlukene Bheka ku-Amazon
Injongo yokwazi ukuthi yimuphi umbala owinayo ukuba ube nawo ebhokisini.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe.
Lokho lawa manzi akudlulisayo
Ichibi lasezintabeni noma umgodi onemithombo. Ubona phansi emamitheni angu-8.
Izinhlobo zamanzi
Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo
Imibuzo abantu abayibuzayo ngempela
Iforeli elinsundu: ingabe le nhlanzi iyayibona imibala?
Yebo. Inezinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-4, eziqonga ku-355 nm, 440 nm, 531 nm, 600 nm. Lokho kuyinika izinhlangothi zombala ezingu-3, uma umuntu enezimbili.
Ivelaphi le datha?
I-microspectrophotometry eqondile, i-ERG noma ukuzwela kwe-spectrum okuhlolwe ngokuziphatha kwalolu hlobo.
Imithombo
- Bowmaker, J.K., Thorpe, A. & Douglas, R.H. (1991). Vision Research 31, 349–352.
- Bowmaker, J.K. & Kunz, Y.W. (1987). Vision Research 27, 2101–2108 — UV cones in salmonids.