I-optics yangaphansi kwamanzi · ukubona kwenhlanzi okukaliwe

Yimuphi umbala wesiyengo inhlanzi oyizingelayo ekwazi ngempela ukuwubona?

Khetha inhlanzi, amanzi nokujula. Lokhu kusebenzisa le modeli efanayo naleyo esohlelweni, kusiphequluli sakho.

I-optics yangaphansi kwamanzi nokubona kwezinhlanzi okukaliwe, kuwo wonke uhlobo lwenhlanzi nolwamanzi olukhona kule khathalogu. Yonke inombolo inomthombo. Akukho lapha okukuthembisa ukubamba.

Vula isibali Indlela nemithombo

Yonke inombolo inomthombo. Akukho okuthenjisiwe.

Izinhlanzi azikuboni lokho okubonayo

Bheka izinhlanzi

Ufuna ukudoba yiphi inhlanzi?

Izimo

Khetha inhlanzi, amanzi nokujula. Lokhu kusebenzisa le modeli efanayo naleyo esohlelweni, kusiphequluli sakho.

Ukubona kwenhlanzi

Ukubona komdayivi · Ukubona kwenhlanzi

Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo

Bheka izinhlanzi

Ubhasi womlomo omkhulu

Micropterus salmoides

I-pike yasenyakatho

Esox lucius

Iforeli elinsundu

Salmo trutta

Funda lokhu ngaphambi kokuthemba inombolo

Lolu hlelo lulingisa ifiziksi yokukhanya nomehluko ngaphansi kwamanzi. Alulingisi ukuziphatha kwenhlanzi futhi alukwazi ukukuthembisa ukubamba. Lokho olukutshela khona ukuthi isiyengo sivela kangakanani emanzini — okuyinto ekhona ngempela nelinganisekayo, futhi yiyo enquma ukuthi inhlanzi ingakwazi yini nokwehlukanisa isiyengo sakho nesizinda.

Izinhlobo zamanzi

Amanzi amtoti

Amanzi anosawoti

Izinhlobo zamanzi · 19

Acwebe bha I-Secchi ≈ 7.9 m

Acwebile I-Secchi ≈ 4.5 m

Anombalana I-Secchi ≈ 2.5 m

Anombala I-Secchi ≈ 1.3 m

Anetanini I-Secchi ≈ 1.5 m

Amnyama I-Secchi ≈ 80 cm

Ane-algae I-Secchi ≈ 100 cm

Anodaka I-Secchi ≈ 40 cm

Ezikhukhula I-Secchi ≈ 15 cm

Olwandle I I-Secchi ≈ 33 m

Olwandle IA I-Secchi ≈ 29 m

Olwandle IB I-Secchi ≈ 25 m

Olwandle II I-Secchi ≈ 16 m

Olwandle III I-Secchi ≈ 9.0 m

Ogwini 1C I-Secchi ≈ 6.8 m

Ogwini 3C I-Secchi ≈ 4.3 m

Ogwini 5C I-Secchi ≈ 2.8 m

Ogwini 7C I-Secchi ≈ 1.8 m

Ogwini 9C I-Secchi ≈ 1.1 m

Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo

Amanzi amtoti

Ubhasi womlomo omkhulu Micropterus salmoides Kukaliwe

Ubhasi womlomo omncane Micropterus dolomieu Isihlobo esiseduze

I-bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Kukaliwe

Iforeli elinsundu Salmo trutta Kukaliwe

Iforeli lothingo Oncorhynchus mykiss Kukaliwe

Iforeli lomfudlana Salvelinus fontinalis Isihlobo esiseduze

Iforeli lechibi Salvelinus namaycush Isihlobo esiseduze

I-Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus Isihlobo esiseduze

Usalmoni wase-Atlantic Salmo salar Kukaliwe

I-pike yasenyakatho Esox lucius Kukaliwe

I-muskellunge Esox masquinongy Isihlobo esiseduze

I-walleye Sander vitreus Kukaliwe

I-zander Sander lucioperca Isihlobo esiseduze

I-perch yaseYurophu Perca fluviatilis Kukaliwe

I-perch ephuzi Perca flavescens Isihlobo esiseduze

Ikhaphu evamile Cyprinus carpio Kukaliwe

I-roach Rutilus rutilus Umndeni ofanayo

I-tench Tinca tinca Umndeni ofanayo

I-barbel yaseYurophu Barbus barbus Umndeni ofanayo

I-wels catfish Silurus glanis Umndeni ofanayo

I-channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Kukaliwe

I-tilapia yaseNayile Oreochromis niloticus Kukaliwe

I-peacock bass Cichla spp. Umndeni ofanayo

I-snakehead Channa spp. Kulinganiselwe

I-eel yaseYurophu Anguilla anguilla Kukaliwe

I-sturgeon Acipenser spp. Umndeni ofanayo

Eduze nogu

I-seabass yaseYurophu Dicentrarchus labrax Umndeni ofanayo

I-seabream yegolide Sparus aurata Kukaliwe

Ubhasi onemidwa Morone saxatilis Umndeni ofanayo

I-red drum Sciaenops ocellatus Kukaliwe

I-seatrout enamachashazi Cynoscion nebulosus Isihlobo esiseduze

I-cod yase-Atlantic Gadus morhua Kukaliwe

I-pollock Pollachius pollachius Umndeni ofanayo

I-hake yaseYurophu Merluccius merluccius Umndeni ofanayo

I-turbot Scophthalmus maximus Umndeni ofanayo

I-halibut yase-Atlantic Hippoglossus hippoglossus Umndeni ofanayo

I-bonefish Albula vulpes Kulinganiselwe

I-snook evamile Centropomus undecimalis Kulinganiselwe

I-tarpon Megalops atlanticus Umndeni ofanayo

I-barracuda enkulu Sphyraena barracuda Umndeni ofanayo

I-meagre Argyrosomus regius Umndeni ofanayo

I-dentex evamile Dentex dentex Umndeni ofanayo

Ekujuleni kolwandle

I-bluefin tuna yase-Atlantic Thunnus thynnus Isihlobo esiseduze

I-yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Kukaliwe

I-skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Umndeni ofanayo

I-mackerel yase-Atlantic Scomber scombrus Umndeni ofanayo

I-dorado Coryphaena hippurus Umndeni ofanayo

I-sailfish yase-Atlantic Istiophorus albicans Isihlobo esiseduze

I-blue marlin Makaira nigricans Kukaliwe

I-swordfish Xiphias gladius Kukaliwe

I-amberjack enkulu Seriola dumerili Umndeni ofanayo

I-yellowtail Seriola lalandi Isihlobo esiseduze

I-elf Pomatomus saltatrix Umndeni ofanayo

Ushaka osasibhakabhaka Prionace glauca Kukaliwe

Isibali sombala wesiyengo

Khetha inhlanzi, amanzi nokujula. Lokhu kusebenzisa le modeli efanayo naleyo esohlelweni, kusiphequluli sakho.

Vula isibali

Imibuzo abantu abayibuzayo ngempela

Obomvu unyamalala ekujuleni okungakanani ngaphansi kwamanzi?

Ukukhanya okubomvu kwehla kufike ku-1% kwamandla akho asebusweni phakathi kuka-1.2 m no-11 m, kuya ngamanzi ngokuphelele: 11 m olwandle olucwebe kakhulu, 1.2 m emanzini ezikhukhula. Kodwa ibanga uqobo yingxenye engasizi kangako yempendulo. Okubalulekile ngumbala osinda kangcono, futhi lokho kuyaguquka: ubude begagasi obungena kakhulu bungaba ngu-470 nm — oluhlaza-sibhakabhaka — olwandle olucwebile, kanti bungaba ngu-680 nm — obomvu obujulile — echibini elinetanini, ngoba izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikile zimunca amagagasi amafushane kakhulu. Emanzini anetanini ngobomvu owinayo, okuphambene nezeluleko ezijwayelekile.

Ingabe umbala wesiyengo ubaluleke ngempela?

Ubaluleke ekutheni inhlanzi ingakwazi yini nokusibona isiyengo, okuyisimemezelo esincane kunalokho iningi leseluleko elikushoyo. Leli sayithi libala umehluko phakathi kwesiyengo namanzi angemuva kwaso, nebanga lapho lowo mehluko ukhuphuka udlule khona umkhawulo wokubona wolo hlobo. Alikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi inhlanzi izohlasela yini: lokho kungukuziphatha, futhi ayikho imodeli ye-optics ekubikezelayo.

Yimuphi umbala wesiyengo okufanele ngiwusebenzise emanzini anodaka?

Kuncike ekutheni inhlanzi ibheke ngaphi, yikho iseluleko esidumile siziphikisa. Uma ibheke eceleni noma phansi, kuwina ukukhanya, futhi i-chartreuse noma omhlophe uyavela. Uma ibheke phezulu ibhekise ebusweni bamanzi, akukho okungakhanya kudlule isibhakabhaka, ngakho yisithunzi esimnyama kuphela esakha umehluko — yikho omnyama nosasibhakabhaka nabo “bengalahli” emanzini anodaka. Zombili lezi zinhlangothi ziqinisile, ngayinye ngokwendlela yokubuka yayo.

Ingabe izinhlanzi ziyayibona imibala?

Iningi lazo libona imibala emibili lapho wena ubona emithathu. Ezinhlanzini ezingu-54 ezilapha, ezingu-19 zinokukala okuqondile kwe-spectrum kwamakhoni azo; amaforeli, usalmoni namakhaphu anezinhlobo ezine zamakhoni kubalwa nolubona i-ultraviolet, kanti oshaka banolulodwa futhi abayiboni imibala. Ngayinye kulezi ihlela ibhokisi elifanayo ngendlela ehlukile.

Yimuphi umbala wokukhanya ongena ajule kunayo yonke?

Cishe ngu-470 nm emanzini olwandle acwebile futhi cishe ngu-680 nm echibini elinetanini — oluhlaza-sibhakabhaka kwelinye, obomvu obujulile kwelinye, kubalwe ngokumunca kwalawo manzi uqobo hhayi ngokufundwa eshadini. Ayikho impendulo eyodwa, futhi ishadi elinikeza eyodwa lichaza amanzi elingawashongo.

Izichasiselo

Obomvu unyamalala ekujuleni okungakanani ngaphansi kwamanzi?

Obomvu uphelela emamitheni ambalwa okuqala emanzini acwebile. Echibini elinetanini kunyamalala kuqala okuluhlaza kwesibhakabhaka, bese kuba obomvu ohamba ibanga elide kunayo yonke. Ukuthi kwenzeka ngayiphi indlela kuncike ngokuphelele emanzini omile kuwo.
I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa

Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV, kanti isikrini sefoni asikwazi ukukhipha i-ultraviolet. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. Qaphela futhi ukuthi i-UV imunceka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi inyamalala kungakahambi namasentimitha emanzini anetanini.
Indlela nemithombo

I-optics yangaphansi kwamanzi nokwakhiwa kwamehlo ezinhlanzi okukaliwe: yimuphi umbala wesiyengo uhlobo oluthile lwenhlanzi olukwazi ngempela ukuwubona ekujuleni okuthile, emanzini athile, nokuthi ukude kangakanani. Yonke inombolo inomthombo.
Isayensi

Zonke izimo, kubalwa nengosi yokubuka nosayizi wesiyengo

Yimuphi umbala wesiyengo inhlanzi oyizingelayo ekwazi ngempela ukuwubona?

Izinhlanzi azikuboni lokho okubonayo

Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo

Ubhasi womlomo omkhulu

I-pike yasenyakatho

Iforeli elinsundu

Izinhlobo zamanzi

Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo

Isibali sombala wesiyengo

Imibuzo abantu abayibuzayo ngempela

Obomvu unyamalala ekujuleni okungakanani ngaphansi kwamanzi?

Ingabe umbala wesiyengo ubaluleke ngempela?

Yimuphi umbala wesiyengo okufanele ngiwusebenzise emanzini anodaka?

Ingabe izinhlanzi ziyayibona imibala?

Yimuphi umbala wokukhanya ongena ajule kunayo yonke?

Izichasiselo

Obomvu unyamalala ekujuleni okungakanani ngaphansi kwamanzi?

I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa

Indlela nemithombo

Isayensi