I-barbel yaseYurophu: le nhlanzi isibona kanjani isiyengo sakho
I-barbel yaseYurophu: yimuphi umbala wesiyengo le nhlanzi ekwazi ngempela ukuwubona, ekujuleni kwakho nasemanzini akho. Izinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-3, isiqongo ku-615 nm. Umehluko ohleliwe wemibala engu-54.
Barbus barbus
Kukaliwe emndenini ofanayo
Alukho ukukala kwe-spectrum okwenziwe kulolu hlobo. Iziqongo zamakhoni zithathwe ezingeni lomndeni ku-amanye ama-cyprinid. Lokhu kuwukucabangela okungacijile kunokuthatha esihlotsheni sohlobo olulodwa; impendulo ebanzi ethi “yimuphi umkhawulo we-spectrum” iyathembeka, kanti ukuhleleka okucijile phakathi kwemibala eseduze akuthembeki. I-retina yalo isebenzisa i-chromophore ye-A2 (i-porphyropsin), edlulisela ukuzwela kwamagagasi amade kudlulele kobomvu kunalokho i-retina ye-A1 ebiyokunika khona. Izinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi amtoti ziyaguqula isilinganiso se-A1/A2 ngenkathi yonyaka nangokushisa, ngakho ukuzwela kwangempela kuyantweza unyaka wonke.
Ukuzwela kwe-spectrum
| Iziqongo zamakhoni | λmax | I-chromophore |
|---|---|---|
| Obufushane | 450 nm | A2 |
| Obuphakathi | 530 nm | A2 |
| Obude | 615 nm | A2 |
| Irodi | 528 nm | A2 |
Amarodi yiwo asebenzayo entathakusa, kuhwalala nasebusuku — okuyisikhathi abantu abaningi abadoba ngaso.
Ithebula leziyengo
I-barbel yaseYurophu: kuhlelwe ngokuthi umbala ngamunye uvela kangakanani kule nhlanzi kulezi zimo. — Acwebile, 3 m.
| Umbala | Umehluko | Ibanga lokubona | Ukubona kwenhlanzi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omhlophe | 98 | 5.0 m | Thenga manje | |
| 2 | Chartreuse / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 96 | 5.0 m | Thenga manje | |
| 3 | Glow Umbala okhanyayo — awulingiswanga | 96 | 4.9 m | Thenga manje | |
| 4 | Bone | 94 | 4.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 5 | Isiliva ye-holographic Umbala wensimbi | 94 | 4.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 6 | Chartreuse Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 94 | 4.7 m | Thenga manje | |
| 7 | Sexy shad | 92 | 4.9 m | Thenga manje | |
| 8 | I-chrome Umbala wensimbi | 91 | 4.7 m | Thenga manje | |
| 9 | Opinki / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 89 | 5.0 m | Thenga manje | |
| 10 | Clown | 89 | 5.0 m | Thenga manje | |
| Uvela kancane kunayo yonke | |||||
| Onsomi | 40 | 2.8 m | |||
| Onsomi / omnyama | 25 | 2.3 m | |||
| Junebug | 24 | 1.7 m | |||
| Omnyama | 23 | 1.6 m | |||
Umehluko ubalwe ebangeni lokubuka elingu-1.0 m. · Ukukhanya okusinda kangcono kunakho konke lapha: 580 nm
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
Thola le mibala
Emithathu ephume phambili, iseshwa ku-Amazon yakho. Ukuhleleka okungenhla kubalwa ngamanzi nangenhlanzi, ngaphambi kokuba lezi zixhumanisi zibe khona.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
Impahla eshiwo yileli khasi
- Ikhithi yeziyengo enemibala eyahlukene Bheka ku-Amazon
Injongo yokwazi ukuthi yimuphi umbala owinayo ukuba ube nawo ebhokisini.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe.
Lokho lawa manzi akudlulisayo
Idamu elinempilo ngesonto elizolile. Idiski elimhlophe linyamalala cishe ku-4.5 m.
Izinhlobo zamanzi
Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo
Imibuzo abantu abayibuzayo ngempela
I-barbel yaseYurophu: ingabe le nhlanzi iyayibona imibala?
Yebo. Inezinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-3, eziqonga ku-450 nm, 530 nm, 615 nm. Lokho kuyinika izinhlangothi zombala ezingu-2, uma umuntu enezimbili.
Ivelaphi le datha?
Alukho ukukala okwenziwe kulolu hlobo. Iziqongo zamakhoni zithathwe ezingeni lomndeni — kuthembekile ekusho ukuthi yimuphi umkhawulo we-spectrum, hhayi ekuhleleni okucijile phakathi kwemibala eseduze.
Imithombo
- Cyprinid pattern — Downing, J.E.G. et al. (1986). J. Comp. Physiol. A 159, 859–868.