I-roach: le nhlanzi isibona kanjani isiyengo sakho
I-roach: yimuphi umbala wesiyengo le nhlanzi ekwazi ngempela ukuwubona, ekujuleni kwakho nasemanzini akho. Izinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-4, isiqongo ku-620 nm. Umehluko ohleliwe wemibala engu-54.
Rutilus rutilus
Kukaliwe emndenini ofanayo I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa
Alukho ukukala kwe-spectrum okwenziwe kulolu hlobo. Iziqongo zamakhoni zithathwe ezingeni lomndeni ku-amanye ama-cyprinid, ikakhulukazi ikhaphu evamile. Lokhu kuwukucabangela okungacijile kunokuthatha esihlotsheni sohlobo olulodwa; impendulo ebanzi ethi “yimuphi umkhawulo we-spectrum” iyathembeka, kanti ukuhleleka okucijile phakathi kwemibala eseduze akuthembeki. Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV: cishe ingxenye engu-89% yokuzwela kwalelo khoni ingaphansi kuka-400 nm, lapho isikrini sefoni singenakukukhombisa lutho khona. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. I-retina yalo isebenzisa i-chromophore ye-A2 (i-porphyropsin), edlulisela ukuzwela kwamagagasi amade kudlulele kobomvu kunalokho i-retina ye-A1 ebiyokunika khona. Izinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi amtoti ziyaguqula isilinganiso se-A1/A2 ngenkathi yonyaka nangokushisa, ngakho ukuzwela kwangempela kuyantweza unyaka wonke.
Ukuzwela kwe-spectrum
| Iziqongo zamakhoni | λmax | I-chromophore |
|---|---|---|
| I-UV | 365 nm | A2 |
| Obufushane | 455 nm | A2 |
| Obuphakathi | 530 nm | A2 |
| Obude | 620 nm | A2 |
| Irodi | 527 nm | A2 |
Amarodi yiwo asebenzayo entathakusa, kuhwalala nasebusuku — okuyisikhathi abantu abaningi abadoba ngaso.
Ingxenye engu-89% yokuzwela kwekhoni ye-UV yalolu hlobo ingaphansi kuka-400 nm, ngaphandle kwakho konke isikrini esingakukhombisa.
Ithebula leziyengo
I-roach: kuhlelwe ngokuthi umbala ngamunye uvela kangakanani kule nhlanzi kulezi zimo. — Anombalana, 3 m.
| Umbala | Umehluko | Ibanga lokubona | Ukubona kwenhlanzi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omhlophe | 97 | 2.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 2 | Glow Umbala okhanyayo — awulingiswanga | 95 | 2.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 3 | Chartreuse / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 94 | 2.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 4 | Bone | 93 | 2.7 m | Thenga manje | |
| 5 | Chartreuse Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 92 | 2.6 m | Thenga manje | |
| 6 | Isiliva ye-holographic Umbala wensimbi | 91 | 2.7 m | Thenga manje | |
| 7 | Sexy shad | 89 | 2.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 8 | Opinki / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 87 | 2.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| 9 | I-chrome Umbala wensimbi | 87 | 2.7 m | Thenga manje | |
| 10 | Clown | 86 | 2.8 m | Thenga manje | |
| Uvela kancane kunayo yonke | |||||
| Onsomi | 24 | 1.7 m | |||
| Onsomi / omnyama | 0 | 1.5 m | |||
| Junebug | 0 | 81 cm | |||
| Omnyama | 0 | 79 cm | |||
Umehluko ubalwe ebangeni lokubuka elingu-1.0 m. · Ukukhanya okusinda kangcono kunakho konke lapha: 580 nm
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa — Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV, kanti isikrini sefoni asikwazi ukukhipha i-ultraviolet. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. Qaphela futhi ukuthi i-UV imunceka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi inyamalala kungakahambi namasentimitha emanzini anetanini.
Thola le mibala
Emithathu ephume phambili, iseshwa ku-Amazon yakho. Ukuhleleka okungenhla kubalwa ngamanzi nangenhlanzi, ngaphambi kokuba lezi zixhumanisi zibe khona.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
Impahla eshiwo yileli khasi
- Ikhithi yeziyengo enemibala eyahlukene Bheka ku-Amazon
Injongo yokwazi ukuthi yimuphi umbala owinayo ukuba ube nawo ebhokisini.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe.
Lokho lawa manzi akudlulisayo
Umbalana omncane emanzini. Yisimo esivame kunazo zonke echibini.
Izinhlobo zamanzi
Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo
Imibuzo abantu abayibuzayo ngempela
I-roach: ingabe le nhlanzi iyayibona imibala?
Yebo. Inezinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-4, eziqonga ku-365 nm, 455 nm, 530 nm, 620 nm. Lokho kuyinika izinhlangothi zombala ezingu-3, uma umuntu enezimbili.
Ivelaphi le datha?
Alukho ukukala okwenziwe kulolu hlobo. Iziqongo zamakhoni zithathwe ezingeni lomndeni — kuthembekile ekusho ukuthi yimuphi umkhawulo we-spectrum, hhayi ekuhleleni okucijile phakathi kwemibala eseduze.
Imithombo
- Downing, J.E.G., Djamgoz, M.B.A. & Bowmaker, J.K. (1986). J. Comp. Physiol. A 159, 859–868 — cyprinid photoreceptors.
- Hárosi, F.I. & Hashimoto, Y. (1983). Science 222, 1021–1023.