Ikhaphu evamile: le nhlanzi isibona kanjani isiyengo sakho
Ikhaphu evamile: yimuphi umbala wesiyengo le nhlanzi ekwazi ngempela ukuwubona, ekujuleni kwakho nasemanzini akho. Izinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-4, isiqongo ku-620 nm. Umehluko ohleliwe wemibala engu-54.
Cyprinus carpio
Kukaliwe kulolu hlobo I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa
Iziqongo zamakhoni ziwukukala okuqondile kwalolu hlobo. Okunye konke kule modeli — i-optics yamanzi, umehluko, ibanga lokubona — kusengukulinganisela, futhi akukho kukho okubikezela ukuthi inhlanzi izohlasela yini. Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV: cishe ingxenye engu-89% yokuzwela kwalelo khoni ingaphansi kuka-400 nm, lapho isikrini sefoni singenakukukhombisa lutho khona. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. I-retina yalo isebenzisa i-chromophore ye-A2 (i-porphyropsin), edlulisela ukuzwela kwamagagasi amade kudlulele kobomvu kunalokho i-retina ye-A1 ebiyokunika khona. Izinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi amtoti ziyaguqula isilinganiso se-A1/A2 ngenkathi yonyaka nangokushisa, ngakho ukuzwela kwangempela kuyantweza unyaka wonke. Ikhaphu ingenye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa kakhulu okufakazelwe ngokuziphatha ukuthi ibona imibala, hhayi ngokucatshangelwa: uNeumeyer wabonisa ukuthi isebenzisa ngempela iziteshi ezine.
Ukuzwela kwe-spectrum
| Iziqongo zamakhoni | λmax | I-chromophore |
|---|---|---|
| I-UV | 365 nm | A2 |
| Obufushane | 450 nm | A2 |
| Obuphakathi | 530 nm | A2 |
| Obude | 620 nm | A2 |
| Irodi | 525 nm | A2 |
Amarodi yiwo asebenzayo entathakusa, kuhwalala nasebusuku — okuyisikhathi abantu abaningi abadoba ngaso.
Ingxenye engu-89% yokuzwela kwekhoni ye-UV yalolu hlobo ingaphansi kuka-400 nm, ngaphandle kwakho konke isikrini esingakukhombisa.
Ithebula leziyengo
Ikhaphu evamile: kuhlelwe ngokuthi umbala ngamunye uvela kangakanani kule nhlanzi kulezi zimo. — Anombala, 3 m.
| Umbala | Umehluko | Ibanga lokubona | Ukubona kwenhlanzi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omhlophe | 96 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 2 | Chartreuse / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 94 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 3 | Glow Umbala okhanyayo — awulingiswanga | 93 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 4 | Chartreuse Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 92 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 5 | Bone | 92 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 6 | Isiliva ye-holographic Umbala wensimbi | 89 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 7 | Clown | 85 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 8 | Sexy shad | 85 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| 9 | Ophuzi | 85 | 1.3 m | Thenga manje | |
| 10 | Opinki / omhlophe Umbala oyi-fluorescent | 84 | 1.4 m | Thenga manje | |
| Uvela kancane kunayo yonke | |||||
| Onsomi | 0 | 53 cm | |||
| Junebug | 0 | 49 cm | |||
| Omnyama | 0 | 45 cm | |||
| Onsomi / omnyama | 0 | 45 cm | |||
Umehluko ubalwe ebangeni lokubuka elingu-66 cm. · Ukukhanya okusinda kangcono kunakho konke lapha: 640 nm
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
I-UV ayikwazi ukuboniswa — Lolu hlobo lunekhoni ye-UV, kanti isikrini sefoni asikwazi ukukhipha i-ultraviolet. Isiteshi se-UV sidwetshwe ngombala ongewona, njengoba sisho. Qaphela futhi ukuthi i-UV imunceka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi inyamalala kungakahambi namasentimitha emanzini anetanini.
Thola le mibala
Emithathu ephume phambili, iseshwa ku-Amazon yakho. Ukuhleleka okungenhla kubalwa ngamanzi nangenhlanzi, ngaphambi kokuba lezi zixhumanisi zibe khona.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe. Ukuhleleka okungenhla akuthengiswa.
Impahla eshiwo yileli khasi
- Ikhithi yeziyengo enemibala eyahlukene Bheka ku-Amazon
Injongo yokwazi ukuthi yimuphi umbala owinayo ukuba ube nawo ebhokisini.
Izixhumanisi zobambiswano: sithola ikhomishini ku-Amazon, ngaphandle kokuba ukhokhe okwengeziwe.
Lokho lawa manzi akudlulisayo
Anombala obonakalayo. Idiski elimhlophe liphela cishe ku-1.3 m.
Izinhlobo zamanzi
Izinhlanzi ozizingelayo
Imibuzo abantu abayibuzayo ngempela
Ikhaphu evamile: ingabe le nhlanzi iyayibona imibala?
Yebo. Inezinhlobo zamakhoni ezingu-4, eziqonga ku-365 nm, 450 nm, 530 nm, 620 nm. Lokho kuyinika izinhlangothi zombala ezingu-3, uma umuntu enezimbili.
Ivelaphi le datha?
I-microspectrophotometry eqondile, i-ERG noma ukuzwela kwe-spectrum okuhlolwe ngokuziphatha kwalolu hlobo.
Imithombo
- Hárosi, F.I. & Hashimoto, Y. (1983). Science 222, 1021–1023 — UV cone in cyprinids.
- Neumeyer, C. (1992). J. Comp. Physiol. A 171, 639–649 — behavioural proof of tetrachromacy in carp.