Obomvu unyamalala ekujuleni okungakanani ngaphansi kwamanzi?
Obomvu uphelela emamitheni ambalwa okuqala emanzini acwebile. Echibini elinetanini kunyamalala kuqala okuluhlaza kwesibhakabhaka, bese kuba obomvu ohamba ibanga elide kunayo yonke. Ukuthi kwenzeka ngayiphi indlela kuncike ngokuphelele emanzini omile kuwo.
Lokho lawa manzi akudlulisayo
Ukukhanya okubomvu kwehla kufike ku-1% kwamandla akho asebusweni phakathi kuka-1.2 m no-11 m, kuya ngamanzi ngokuphelele: 11 m olwandle olucwebe kakhulu, 1.2 m emanzini ezikhukhula. Kodwa ibanga uqobo yingxenye engasizi kangako yempendulo. Okubalulekile ngumbala osinda kangcono, futhi lokho kuyaguquka: ubude begagasi obungena kakhulu bungaba ngu-470 nm — oluhlaza-sibhakabhaka — olwandle olucwebile, kanti bungaba ngu-680 nm — obomvu obujulile — echibini elinetanini, ngoba izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikile zimunca amagagasi amafushane kakhulu. Emanzini anetanini ngobomvu owinayo, okuphambene nezeluleko ezijwayelekile.
Yimuphi umbala wokukhanya ongena ajule kunayo yonke?
Cishe ngu-470 nm emanzini olwandle acwebile futhi cishe ngu-680 nm echibini elinetanini — oluhlaza-sibhakabhaka kwelinye, obomvu obujulile kwelinye, kubalwe ngokumunca kwalawo manzi uqobo hhayi ngokufundwa eshadini. Ayikho impendulo eyodwa, futhi ishadi elinikeza eyodwa lichaza amanzi elingawashongo.
Yimuphi umbala wesiyengo okufanele ngiwusebenzise emanzini anodaka?
Kuncike ekutheni inhlanzi ibheke ngaphi, yikho iseluleko esidumile siziphikisa. Uma ibheke eceleni noma phansi, kuwina ukukhanya, futhi i-chartreuse noma omhlophe uyavela. Uma ibheke phezulu ibhekise ebusweni bamanzi, akukho okungakhanya kudlule isibhakabhaka, ngakho yisithunzi esimnyama kuphela esakha umehluko — yikho omnyama nosasibhakabhaka nabo “bengalahli” emanzini anodaka. Zombili lezi zinhlangothi ziqinisile, ngayinye ngokwendlela yokubuka yayo.
Ingabe umbala wesiyengo ubaluleke ngempela?
Ubaluleke ekutheni inhlanzi ingakwazi yini nokusibona isiyengo, okuyisimemezelo esincane kunalokho iningi leseluleko elikushoyo. Leli sayithi libala umehluko phakathi kwesiyengo namanzi angemuva kwaso, nebanga lapho lowo mehluko ukhuphuka udlule khona umkhawulo wokubona wolo hlobo. Alikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi inhlanzi izohlasela yini: lokho kungukuziphatha, futhi ayikho imodeli ye-optics ekubikezelayo.
Imithombo
- Pope & Fry (1997). Applied Optics 36(33), 8710–8723.
- Govardovskii et al. (2000). Visual Neuroscience 17, 509–528.
- Aksnes & Utne (1997). Sarsia 82, 137–147.